Exploring Nanyang Xiangyansi: A Journey Through History and Nature

An Essential Guide to Visiting Nanyang Xiangyansi

Nestled within the stunning landscapes of Xichuan County in Henan Province, Nanyang Xiangyansi, or Xiangyan Temple, stands as a serene testament to over 1,300 years of Buddhist history and architectural grandeur. Often overshadowed by the more commercialized temples found across China, this ancient Zen monastery offers a tranquil escape, inviting visitors to immerse themselves in its rich cultural heritage and breathtaking natural scenery.

Perched amidst the mountains that cradle the expansive Danjiang Reservoir, Xiangyan Temple is a hidden gem renowned for its unpretentious charm and profound spiritual significance. The temple is enveloped by lush forests, babbling brooks, and the gentle whispers of the wind, creating a setting that feels almost otherworldly. This harmonious blend of nature and spirituality has made it a revered site for pilgrims and history enthusiasts alike.

Founded during the Tang Dynasty in 714 AD, the temple was initially known as Changshou Temple and gained prominence as the retreat for two national masters of the Tang Dynasty, Huizhong and Xuanzong. Over the centuries, it has witnessed numerous transformations, surviving the tides of time through wars, dynastic changes, and natural disasters. While the lower temple succumbed to the waters of the Danjiang Reservoir in the late 20th century, the upper temple remains a magnificent architectural ensemble, featuring over 140 structures steeped in historical significance.

Visitors to Xiangyan Temple will be captivated not only by its sacred architecture, characterized by intricate wood and stone carvings but also by its enchanting legends and tranquil ambiance. The temple grounds are adorned with remarkable features, including the renowned “Yin Yang Tree,” which is said to discern between good and evil, and the storied “Moon Viewing Pavilion,” where emperors once pondered their destinies.

Xiangyan Temple is more than just a destination; it is a sanctuary where history, spirituality, and nature converge, promising a unique journey for those eager to explore the depth of Chinese cultural heritage. Whether you seek spiritual enlightenment, the allure of ancient architecture, or simply a peaceful retreat in nature, Xiangyan Temple beckons with open arms, ready to unveil its secrets to the curious traveler.

The Rich History of Nanyang Xiangyansi

Nestled within the serene mountains of Xichuan County, Henan Province, Nanyang Xiangyansi (香严寺) boasts a rich history that stretches back over 1,300 years. Established during the Tang Dynasty in 714 AD, the temple is renowned as one of the Four Great Temples of Central China, alongside the famed Shaolin Temple, Baima Temple, and Xiangguo Temple. Its creation was linked to the revered monk Huizhong, a disciple of the legendary Zen master Huineng, who sought solitude here to teach and meditate.

Originally named Changshou Temple, it was built at the behest of Emperor Daizong in honor of Huizhong, who became a national spiritual advisor during the reigns of both Daizong and Suzong. The temple was so revered that it served as a place for meditation and instruction for emperors and high-ranking officials. The name was later changed to Xiangyansi, meaning “Fragrant and Serene Temple,” reflecting its tranquil atmosphere and the incense that wafted through its halls.

Xiangyansi was once a sprawling complex, featuring two distinct areas: the Upper Temple and the Lower Temple, which were separated by approximately 30 kilometers. Unfortunately, the Lower Temple was submerged during the construction of the Danjiang Reservoir in the late 20th century, leaving only the Upper Temple to stand as a testament to its glorious past. Despite this loss, the remaining structures—144 rooms in total—continue to exude the grandeur of a major religious site.

Throughout its history, Xiangyansi has been a center of legend and intrigue. It is said that during the Tang Dynasty, the future Emperor Xuanzong, then known as Prince Li Yi, sought refuge in the temple to escape political persecution. He spent seven years there as a monk, further solidifying the temple’s reputation as a sanctuary for those in need. This connection to imperial power helped the temple flourish, attracting scholars, poets, and monks who sought enlightenment amid its tranquil surroundings.

The artistic legacy of Xiangyansi is equally significant. The temple is home to stunning architectural features and artworks, including the largest wooden structure in Central China, the Daxiong Baodian (Hall of Great Hero). Its intricate wood carvings, brick sculptures, and extensive murals, particularly the ancient wall paintings known as the “Morning Yuan Map,” highlight the temple’s cultural richness. These artworks have earned Xiangyansi the nickname “Three Wonders and One Treasure,” referring to the exquisite craftsmanship of its stone, wood, and brick carvings alongside its remarkable murals.

The temple’s natural beauty is complemented by legendary tales, such as the story of the 1,300-year-old ginkgo trees that stand sentinel at the entrance. One male and one female tree are said to symbolize the eternal bond of love, planted by royal figures mourning their lost prince. These trees, along with the serene bamboo groves and crystal-clear springs surrounding the temple, create an idyllic setting for reflection and meditation.

Despite facing numerous challenges throughout its history, including periods of destruction during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and neglect during the Cultural Revolution, Xiangyansi has persevered. The preservation of its original architecture is largely attributed to the relocation of a local school to the site during the tumultuous years of the Cultural Revolution, which inadvertently safeguarded its structures from destruction.

Today, Xiangyansi stands not only as a religious sanctuary for devotees but also as a cherished cultural heritage site that attracts visitors from around the world. Its deep historical roots and enchanting surroundings invite exploration and introspection, making it a must-visit destination for those seeking a connection to China’s rich Buddhist heritage and natural beauty.

Main Highlights: What to See at Nanyang Xiangyansi

Nestled amidst the serene landscapes of the Baiya Mountain in Xichuan County, Nanyang Xiangyansi, or Xiangyan Temple, is a captivating destination that combines rich history with stunning natural beauty. A key highlight of this ancient Zen temple is its impressive architecture, which dates back over 1,300 years to the Tang Dynasty. Once part of a larger complex that included both upper and lower temples, today, only the upper temple remains, showcasing a remarkable collection of 144 buildings that reflect traditional Chinese architectural grandeur.

Visitors to Xiangyan Temple will be enchanted by the temple’s tranquil surroundings and its unique features. The temple itself is set against the backdrop of the Danjiang Reservoir, surrounded by lush mountains and dense forests, making it a peaceful retreat from the hustle and bustle of modern life. The layout of the temple is designed like a lotus flower, symbolizing purity and tranquility, with its main structures beautifully arranged along a central axis.

One of the most significant aspects of Xiangyan Temple is its historical connections. It has served as a retreat for prominent figures, such as the revered monk Huizhong, who was a national teacher during two Tang Dynasties. The temple was originally known as Chángshòu Temple, named after its association with Huizhong, and later renamed Xiangyan, meaning “Aromatic Serenity,” due to the fragrant incense that wafted through its halls, especially during ceremonies.

Among the temple’s treasures are its artistic masterpieces, including intricate wood, brick, and stone carvings that exemplify the craftsmanship of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The temple houses the largest mural in central China, the “Chao Yuan Tu,” which, despite some wear, remains a vital piece of cultural heritage. The “Three Wonders” of the temple – the “Beauty Embracing the General” tree, the “Itchy Tree” that distinguishes good from evil, and the “Spiritual Treasure Land” – add an element of folklore and intrigue to the visitor experience.

Additionally, the scenic spots surrounding Xiangyan Temple, such as Shuangshi Cave and the Pearl Spring, offer delightful opportunities for exploration and relaxation. The temple is also home to the enchanting Wangyue Pavilion, where Emperor Xuanzong of Tang is said to have gazed at the moon, lost in thought during his time in refuge.

Open daily from 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM, Xiangyan Temple is an inviting destination for tourists seeking a sanctuary of peace, spirituality, and historical wonder. Whether you are a devout pilgrim, a history enthusiast, or simply someone in search of natural beauty, Xiangyan Temple promises a profound and enriching experience.

Planning Your Visit: A Practical Guide

Practical Guide to Nanyang Xiangyansi

Visiting Nanyang Xiangyansi (香严寺), also known as the Temple of Fragrant Serenity, is a journey into the heart of Chinese history and spirituality. Nestled in the picturesque Baizhai Mountain region of Xichuan County, Henan Province, this ancient temple offers a serene escape and a glimpse into China’s rich Buddhist heritage. Here’s everything you need to know to make the most of your visit.

Overview

Xiangyansi, founded in 714 AD during the Tang Dynasty, is one of the four great temples of the Central Plains, alongside the Shaolin Temple, White Horse Temple, and Xiangguo Temple. This temple is recognized as a national key cultural relic protection unit and is a designated AAAA scenic area. With over 1,300 years of history, it is a testament to the enduring legacy of Chinese Buddhism.

Opening Hours and Admission

• Opening Hours: Daily from 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM (extended to 6:30 PM in summer).
• Admission Fee: 80 RMB per person. Discounted tickets are available for children under 1.4 meters, active military personnel, disabled veterans, and seniors aged 60 and above.

Getting There

• By Car:
• From Zhengzhou: Take the Zheng-Yao Expressway, then the Er-Guang and Hu-Shan Expressways.

• From Nanyang: Use the Hu-Shan Expressway to reach the temple.

• Public Transport: Local buses and taxis are available to the temple from nearby towns.

Suggested Itineraries

1. Half-Day Trip:
2. 9:30 AM: Arrive at the temple parking lot.
3. Explore Pearl Spring, Tiger Mountain, and the Pagoda Forest.
4. 12:00 PM: Lunch at a nearby restaurant.
5. 2:00 PM: Enter Xiangyansi, visit the Twin Stone Cave.

6. 4:00 PM: Return.

7. Full-Day Trip (including Zazen Valley):

8. 9:30 AM: Arrive at the temple.
9. Explore the temple complex and the Pagoda Forest.
10. 12:00 PM: Lunch.
11. 1:30 PM: Visit Zazen Valley.

12. 4:00 PM: Return.

13. Two-Day Trip (including Tai Chi Gorge):

14. First Day: The same as the full-day itinerary, with an overnight stay at Xiangyuan Hotel.
15. Second Day: Enjoy a full day exploring Tai Chi Gorge.

Key Attractions

• Architectural Marvels: The temple features over 140 ancient structures, including the magnificent Great Hero Hall, which is the largest wooden structure in the region. The intricate carvings and murals within are significant cultural treasures.

• Cultural Relics: Look out for the “Three Marvels and One Treasure” of Central Plains: the unique brick carvings, wood carvings, stone carvings, and the ancient mural known as “The Arrival of the Deities.”

• Natural Beauty: The surrounding landscape, with its lush forests and tranquil waters, is as much a part of the experience as the temple itself. Notable spots include the Double Stone Cave and the serene Pearl Spring.

• Historical Significance: The temple is steeped in legends, including tales of the Tang Dynasty’s Emperor Xuan Zong, who sought refuge here. The famed “Itchy Tree,” known for its unique sensitivity, offers a quirky and interactive experience for visitors.

Tips for Visitors

• Respect Local Customs: As a religious site, maintain a respectful demeanor. Dress modestly and observe local customs.

• Photography: While capturing the beauty of the temple is encouraged, be mindful of areas where photography may not be allowed.

• Safety Precautions: Be cautious when exploring the mountainous areas surrounding the temple and stay on designated paths.

• Environmental Consideration: Help preserve the temple’s natural environment by not littering and following the “Leave No Trace” principles.

Conclusion

A visit to Nanyang Xiangyansi is not just a trip to a temple; it is an enriching experience steeped in history, culture, and spirituality. Whether you are seeking tranquility, exploring Buddhist heritage, or enjoying the natural beauty of the region, Xiangyansi promises a memorable journey into the heart of ancient China.

Tickets, Hours, and Booking

Visiting Nanyang Xiangyansi (香严寺) is an enriching experience that offers a glimpse into China’s rich history and spiritual heritage. Here’s what you need to know about ticketing to make your visit smooth and enjoyable.

Ticket Information

• Admission Fee: The standard entrance fee is 80 RMB per person. This ticket grants access to the main areas of the temple and its remarkable architectural highlights.

• Discounts and Free Entry: Certain groups can enjoy free admission:

• Children under 1.4 meters in height
• Active military personnel
• Veterans and individuals with disabilities

• Seniors aged 60 and above

• Opening Hours: The temple is open daily from 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM. During the summer months, the closing time extends to 6:30 PM.

How to Purchase Tickets

Tickets can be purchased at the entrance of Xiangyansi. It’s advisable to arrive early, especially during peak tourist seasons or weekends, to avoid long lines. For a more convenient experience, consider purchasing tickets through travel apps that might offer discounts or additional services.

Tips for Your Visit

• Plan Your Visit: To fully appreciate the beauty and serenity of Xiangyansi, consider dedicating at least half a day to your visit. Guided tours are available and can enhance your understanding of the temple’s rich history.

• Respect the Environment: As a place of worship, visitors are encouraged to maintain a respectful demeanor and help preserve the tranquility of the environment by disposing of waste properly.

By being informed about the ticketing process and what to expect, you can make the most of your visit to this historical gem nestled in the mountains of Henan Province. Enjoy your journey through time and spirituality at Nanyang Xiangyansi!

How to Get There

To reach Nanyang Xiangyansi (香严寺), an ancient Zen temple nestled in the scenic mountains of Xichuan County, Henan Province, there are several transportation options available, catering to different preferences and budgets.

By Car

Driving to Xiangyansi is a convenient option for those who prefer flexibility and the ability to explore the surrounding natural beauty at their own pace. The temple is approximately a 3.5-hour drive from Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan Province. Here’s a recommended route:

1. From Zhengzhou: Take the Zheng-Yao Expressway (郑尧高速) and then transfer to the Erguang Expressway (二广高速) towards Nanyang.
2. From Nanyang: Continue on the Hushan-Shaanxi Expressway (沪陕高速) until you reach Xichuan County. Follow local signs to Xiangyansi.

For visitors coming from nearby areas, such as Nanyang, local roads and expressways connect seamlessly to Xichuan, making the journey straightforward.

Public Transportation

For those opting for public transport, several options are available:

• Buses: Regular bus services operate from major cities like Zhengzhou and Nanyang to Xichuan. The buses typically take about 4-5 hours, depending on traffic conditions. Once in Xichuan, local buses or taxis can take you directly to Xiangyansi.

• Taxis: Taxis are readily available in Xichuan, and they offer a direct and comfortable way to reach the temple. Make sure to negotiate the fare if the taxi doesn’t have a meter.

Local Transportation

Upon arriving at Xiangyansi, the area is pedestrian-friendly, allowing visitors to explore its serene grounds on foot. The temple is surrounded by lush forests and picturesque landscapes, making walking a delightful experience.

Recommended Itinerary

For those planning to visit, consider arriving early in the day to fully enjoy the temple’s tranquil atmosphere and explore its historical architecture. A half-day visit allows for leisurely exploration of the temple grounds, including notable sites such as the “Double Stone Cave” and “Pearl Spring.”

Important Tips

• Traveling During Peak Seasons: If visiting during holidays or weekends, plan ahead as public transport can be crowded, and accommodations may fill up quickly.
• Respect Local Customs: As a religious site, visitors should dress respectfully and behave in a manner respectful of the temple’s sanctity.

Whether you choose to drive or use public transportation, the journey to Nanyang Xiangyansi promises to be an enriching experience, leading you to a place filled with history, culture, and natural beauty.

Local Cuisine and Accommodation

When visiting the serene and historic Nanyang Xiangyansi (香严寺), finding delightful dining options and comfortable accommodations can enhance your experience in this tranquil part of Henan Province.

Dining Options

1. Fumanlou Farmhouse Cuisine (福满楼农家菜)

2. Located near the temple, Fumanlou offers a rustic dining experience with traditional farmhouse dishes. The menu features local specialties made from fresh, local ingredients, providing a true taste of the region.

3. De Kesi (德克士)

4. A popular fast-food chain in China, De Kesi serves a variety of quick meals that are perfect for travelers on the go. It’s a convenient option if you’re looking for something familiar and quick after a day of exploring.

5. Luming Fashion Restaurant (鹿鸣时尚餐厅)

6. For a more upscale dining experience, Luming offers a mix of Chinese and Western cuisine in a stylish setting. It’s an excellent choice for those looking to enjoy a leisurely meal after a day of sightseeing.

7. Jude Xuan Traditional Eight Dishes (聚德轩传统八大件)

8. This restaurant specializes in traditional Henan dishes. The chef’s attention to detail and use of fresh ingredients make it a must-visit for those wanting to explore local flavors.

9. Danhuhua Farmhouse (丹湖农家宾馆·餐厅)

10. Situated close to the temple, this farmhouse not only provides accommodation but also serves hearty meals. Guests can enjoy a variety of local delicacies in a cozy, home-like atmosphere.

Accommodations

1. Xiangyuan Hotel (香苑宾馆)

2. Just a short distance from Xiangyansi, this hotel offers comfortable rooms with modern amenities. It’s an ideal base for travelers looking to explore the area and enjoy the peaceful surroundings.

3. Dahu Villa (大湖山庄)

4. Nestled among the hills, Dahu Villa provides a serene escape with stunning views. The villa features well-appointed rooms and a restaurant that serves delicious local dishes, making it perfect for a relaxing getaway.

5. Nanyang Grand Hotel (南阳大酒店)

6. Located in the nearby city of Nanyang, this hotel offers upscale accommodations with excellent service. It’s a good option for those seeking luxury after a day spent at the temple.

7. Bamboo Forest Hotel (竹海酒店)

8. This charming hotel is set amidst lush bamboo groves, providing a unique atmosphere. The peaceful environment, combined with comfortable lodging, makes it a great choice for nature lovers.

9. Local Guesthouses

10. For a more authentic experience, consider staying at one of the local guesthouses. These typically offer basic accommodations and home-cooked meals, allowing you to immerse yourself in the local culture and hospitality.

Whether you choose a cozy farmhouse restaurant or a comfortable hotel, Nanyang Xiangyansi offers a variety of options to cater to your culinary and accommodation needs, ensuring a memorable visit to this historic site.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is Nanyang Xiangyansi (香严寺) and why is it significant?
   Nanyang Xiangyansi, also known as Xiangyan Temple, is a historic Zen Buddhist temple located in Xichuan County, Henan Province, China. Dating back over 1300 years to the Tang Dynasty, it is renowned for its rich history, beautiful architecture, and tranquil setting, making it one of the four major temples in Henan, alongside the Shaolin Temple and others.

2. What are the opening hours and admission fees?
   The temple is open daily from 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM. Admission costs 80 yuan per person, with free entry for children under 1.4 meters in height, active military personnel, and seniors aged 60 and above.

3. How do I get to Nanyang Xiangyansi?
   The temple is accessible by car from Zhengzhou via the Zheng-Yao, Er-Guang, or Hu-Shan highways. Public transportation options include local buses or taxis from nearby towns.

4. What are the main attractions within the temple?
   Key highlights include the Great Hero Hall, renowned for its impressive wooden structure and intricate carvings, the unique “Yiang-Yiang Tree” that reacts to touch, and the historic “Wangyue Pavilion,” where Emperor Xuan Zong is said to have contemplated the moon.

5. Are there any specific visitor guidelines to follow?
   Visitors are encouraged to respect local customs and religious practices, maintain cleanliness by not littering, and exercise caution, especially in mountainous areas and near water bodies.

6. Can I stay overnight near Nanyang Xiangyansi?
   Yes, there are accommodations available nearby, including guesthouses and hotels. It’s advisable to book in advance, especially during peak travel seasons.

7. What is the best time to visit Xiangyansi?
   The temple can be visited year-round, but spring and autumn are particularly pleasant due to mild weather and beautiful foliage. Visiting during festivals may offer unique cultural experiences.

8. Is there a guided tour available at the temple?
   Yes, guided tours are often available for visitors who wish to learn more about the temple’s history and architecture. It is recommended to check in advance or inquire at the entrance for options.

Final Thoughts on Your Trip

Visiting Nanyang Xiangyansi (香严寺) offers a chance to step into a world where ancient history, spirituality, and natural beauty converge harmoniously. Nestled amidst the breathtaking landscapes of the Danjiang Reservoir and surrounded by dense forests, this serene temple stands as a testament to over 1,300 years of rich cultural heritage. The stories woven into its walls—from the legendary encounters of emperors to the tranquil teachings of revered monks—are not merely tales of the past; they invite visitors to reflect on their own journeys and the pursuit of peace.

As you wander through the temple grounds, marvel at the intricate architectural details and the majestic natural surroundings, allowing the ambiance of tranquility to envelop you. Each corner of Xiangyansi resonates with profound spirituality, making it an ideal sanctuary for contemplation and introspection. Whether you are a devout pilgrim or a curious traveler, this ancient site promises an experience that nourishes the soul and ignites the spirit.

In a world that often feels chaotic and overwhelming, Xiangyansi offers a rare glimpse into the timeless essence of serenity and wisdom. It beckons all to come, explore, and uncover the layers of history and spirituality that lie within. Let the peace of this sacred space guide you towards a deeper understanding of yourself and the world around you.