A Journey Through Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi: Nature’s Masterpiece in Liaoning

An Essential Guide to Visiting Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi

Nestled in the scenic embrace of Liaoning Province, the Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi, or the Border Cow Mountain Fortress, stands as a magnificent testament to China’s rich historical tapestry. This ancient site, dating back to the Han and Tang dynasties, is often referred to by locals as “Goryeo City,” a nod to the region’s deep-rooted connections with the ancient kingdom of Goguryeo. Recognized as a National Key Cultural Relic Protection Unit since 2013, the fortress is a captivating blend of natural beauty and historical significance.

Perched strategically on the rugged slopes of the Bianniushan Mountain, the fortress boasts an impressive architectural design that harmonizes with the terrain. Its walls, constructed from compacted earth, stretch over two kilometers, commanding breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape. The unique shape of the fortress resembles a scooped-out bowl, a feature that not only enhanced its defensive capabilities but also offers visitors a glimpse into the ingenuity of ancient military architecture.

The history of Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi is as complex as the legends that surround it. Scholars suggest that it served as a crucial military outpost during the tumultuous periods of Goguryeo, where it witnessed countless battles and strategic maneuvers. Its walls have stood witness to the rise and fall of empires, making it a captivating stop for history enthusiasts and adventurous travelers alike.

As you explore this ancient site, you will be transported back in time, strolling along the remnants of its walls, imagining the soldiers who once guarded its gates. Nearby, the vibrant local culture and stunning natural scenery invite you to immerse yourself further into the wonders of Benxi. Whether you’re a history buff, nature lover, or simply in search of a unique travel experience, the Border Cow Mountain Fortress promises a journey through time that is both enlightening and exhilarating.

The Rich History of Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi

The site of Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi, commonly referred to as the “Goryeo City,” is a historical gem located in the Xihu District of Benxi City, Liaoning Province, China. This ancient city site traces its origins back to the Han and Tang dynasties, making it a significant artifact of the region’s rich historical tapestry. In 2013, it was officially recognized as a national cultural heritage site, underscoring its importance.

The name “Benxi” translates to “Edge of the Cow,” with historical records suggesting that this may refer to a military outpost established during the era of the Manchu Qing dynasty. The term “cow” (牛) in this context is linked to a military organization called “Niu Lu,” which was used to manage troops, indicating that the site may have served as a garrison or stronghold for military purposes. The precise origins of the name are debated, with some theories proposing it stems from historical military terminology, while others suggest it may have been derived from the surname of a prominent Manchu clan.

Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi is strategically built on a mountain that forms a natural enclosure, with ridges rising on three sides and a valley on the west. The city walls, constructed using tamped earth, span over 2000 meters and follow the contours of the mountain to enhance its defensive capabilities. The layout of the city is reminiscent of a scooped-out bowl, featuring two high points at the southeast and northeast corners, each equipped with square platforms measuring approximately 10 by 6 meters.

Four main gates punctuate the city walls—three on the western side and one on the eastern. The western gates include the main gate, a water gate, and a side gate, suggesting a well-planned access system for both military and civilian purposes. Interestingly, additional defensive walls were constructed outside the main structure, indicating a layered approach to security that was common in ancient fortifications.

Archaeological evidence suggests that Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi was occupied during the late periods of the Goguryeo Kingdom. Historical accounts recall that during the Tang dynasty, Emperor Taizong personally led military expeditions against Goguryeo, capturing multiple cities, including the area believed to be Benxi. The region transitioned into a Tang administrative division known as Momi Prefecture, highlighting its importance in the governance of the area and its role in the larger geopolitical landscape of the time.

The site’s significance continued into subsequent dynasties. During the Jin dynasty, artifacts such as ritual vessels and architectural fragments were uncovered, confirming ongoing habitation. By the Ming dynasty, a beacon tower was erected at the site to serve as a lookout point, illustrating its continued military relevance.

Today, Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi stands not only as a testament to the military and administrative history of ancient China but also as a site of archaeological and cultural interest, inviting visitors to explore the remnants of its storied past. The combination of natural beauty and profound historical significance makes it a captivating destination for those interested in the rich history of China’s northeastern region.

Main Highlights: What to See at Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi

Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi, also known as the Border Cattle Mountain Fortress, is a captivating historical site that offers a glimpse into ancient Chinese civilization. Located in the Xihu District of Benxi City, Liaoning Province, this archaeological treasure dates back to the Han and Tang dynasties and is often referred to by locals as “Goryeo City.” Officially recognized as a national cultural relic protection unit in 2013, it stands as a testament to the region’s rich history.

The fortress is strategically situated on a mountain that forms a natural embrace, with steep ridges rising on the east, south, and north, while the west descends into a gorge. The city walls, built from packed earth, stretch over 2,000 meters along the mountain ridge, showcasing the impressive engineering skills of the time. Visitors will notice the fortress’s unique shape resembling a scoop, with two prominent corner platforms at the southeast and northeast, each measuring about 10 by 6 meters.

Access to the fortress is through four main gates, including three on the western wall—designated as the main gate, water gate, and side gate—and a single entrance on the eastern wall. Interestingly, additional earthworks outside the western wall form a defensive barrier, underscoring the strategic importance of this site in ancient military planning.

Archaeological excavations suggest that this site was likely used during the later periods of the Goguryeo Kingdom. It is believed that during the military campaigns led by Tang Taizong against Goguryeo, his forces passed through this region. Historical texts document the conquest of multiple Goguryeo cities, including this strategic location.

The site offers not only historical significance but also breathtaking natural beauty. Visitors can enjoy the scenic mountain surroundings, tranquil landscapes, and the archaeological remains that tell stories of past civilizations. Nearby attractions, such as the serene Cihang Temple, enhance the overall experience, making Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi a must-visit for history enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.

Overall, a trip to the Border Cattle Mountain Fortress is not merely a journey through time but also an adventure into the heart of Liaoning’s cultural heritage, inviting exploration and reflection amid its ancient walls.

Planning Your Visit: A Practical Guide

Practical Guide to Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi

Visiting Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi, a historical site rich in cultural significance, offers travelers a unique glimpse into China’s past. This practical guide will help you navigate your trip, ensuring you make the most of your experience at this fascinating location.

Getting There

Location:
Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi is situated in the town of Bianniu, Xihu District, Benxi City, Liaoning Province. Its accessibility makes it a great day trip from nearby cities.

Transportation Options:
– By Train: Take a train to Benxi Railway Station. From there, local taxis or buses can take you to Bianniu Village.
– By Car: If you’re driving, use GPS navigation to reach the site directly. The roads are well-maintained, and parking is available near the entrance.
– Public Transport: Frequent buses run from major cities like Shenyang to Benxi. You can then catch a local bus or taxi to the site.

Best Time to Visit

The ideal time to visit Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi is during the spring and autumn months (April to June and September to November). The weather is generally mild and pleasant, allowing for comfortable exploration. The fall foliage adds an extra layer of beauty to the landscape.

What to Expect

Historical Significance:
Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi, also known locally as “Gaoli City,” dates back to the Han and Tang dynasties. The site has been recognized as a national cultural heritage site since 2013.

Architectural Features:
The site features a well-preserved earthen wall that follows the contours of the mountain. The walls stretch over 2,000 meters, with strategic watchtowers at the southeast and northeast corners. The layout is reminiscent of a winnowing basket, a design that reflects the military architecture of ancient China.

Exploration Tips:
– Guided Tours: Consider joining a guided tour to gain deeper insights into the historical context and significance of the site.
– Photography: Bring a camera to capture the stunning views and intricate details of the ancient architecture.
– Hiking: Wear comfortable footwear as the area offers various trails. The surrounding mountains provide excellent hiking opportunities for different skill levels.

Essentials to Bring

• Water and Snacks: While there may be small vendors nearby, having your own supplies ensures you stay hydrated and energized during your visit.
• Sun Protection: Sunscreen, hats, and sunglasses are advisable, especially in the summer months.
• Comfortable Clothing: Dress in layers to accommodate changing weather conditions and wear sturdy shoes for walking.

Nearby Attractions

After visiting Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi, consider exploring nearby sites to enhance your trip:
– Benxi Water Cave: One of the world’s longest underwater caves, offering boat tours and stunning natural formations.
– Qinhuangdao Valley: Known for its beautiful scenery and hiking trails, perfect for nature enthusiasts.
– Cihang Temple: A serene Buddhist temple nearby that provides a tranquil atmosphere for reflection.

Local Cuisine

Don’t miss the opportunity to sample local delicacies:
– Yang Soup: A specialty in Benxi, known for its rich flavor and tender meat.
– Braised Dishes: Enjoy traditional Northeast Chinese braised pork and various stews at local eateries.
– Street Food: Explore the street food scene for a taste of authentic local snacks.

Accommodations

If you plan to stay overnight, consider these options:
– Local Hotels: Various hotels in Benxi offer comfortable accommodations, ranging from budget to mid-range.
– Guesthouses: For a more local experience, try staying in a guesthouse where you can interact with residents and enjoy homemade meals.

Conclusion

Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi is not just a historical site; it’s a journey into the heart of China’s rich cultural tapestry. With this practical guide, you are well-equipped to explore, learn, and immerse yourself in the beauty of this ancient treasure. Enjoy your adventure!

Tickets, Hours, and Booking

When planning a visit to the historical site of Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi, also known locally as ‘Goryeo City,’ it’s important to know the ticketing information to make your journey seamless.

Ticket Information

Admission Price:
– The entrance fee to Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi is approximately 30 RMB (around 4.50 USD).

Operating Hours:
– The site is open to visitors year-round, typically from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM. However, it’s advisable to check for any seasonal changes in hours or special events that might affect access.

Discounts:
– Discounts may be available for students, seniors, and groups, but it’s recommended to inquire at the ticket counter or check the official website prior to your visit.

Payment Methods:
– Tickets can be purchased on-site, with cash being widely accepted. Some locations may support mobile payment methods popular in China, such as WeChat Pay or Alipay.

Guided Tours:
– If you prefer a more enriching experience, consider joining a guided tour. These tours often include the ticket price and can provide deeper insights into the historical significance of the site.

For a hassle-free experience, it’s advisable to arrive early, especially during weekends and holidays when visitor numbers peak. Enjoy your exploration of this remarkable piece of heritage!

How to Get There

When planning your visit to Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi, also known as the Bian Niu Mountain City Ruins, it’s essential to understand the transportation options available to ensure a smooth journey. Located in the Xihu District of Benxi City, Liaoning Province, this historical site is accessible by various means of transport.

Getting There

By Air:
The nearest major airport is Shenyang Taoxian International Airport (SYT), located approximately 80 kilometers from Benxi. From the airport, you can take a taxi or a shuttle bus to reach Benxi city center. The journey usually takes around 1.5 hours.

By Train:
Benxi has two train stations – Benxi Station and Benxi New City Station. High-speed trains from Shenyang, Dalian, or other major cities frequently run to these stations. If you’re coming from Shenyang, the trip can take as little as 30 minutes. Once in Benxi, local transportation options will be available to take you closer to the ruins.

By Bus:
Long-distance buses operate from various cities to Benxi. The Benxi Bus Station is the main hub for intercity buses. Buses from Shenyang take about 1 to 1.5 hours. Upon arrival at the bus station, you can take a taxi or a local bus to reach Bian Niu Mountain.

Local Transportation

Taxis and Ride-Sharing:
Taxis are readily available throughout Benxi and offer a convenient way to reach specific destinations, including Bian Niu Mountain. Ride-sharing apps are also operational in the area, providing an alternative for those who prefer app-based transportation.

Public Buses:
Benxi has a network of public buses that cover various parts of the city. You can check local schedules for buses that head towards the Xihu District. However, the most direct route to the ruins may involve a taxi ride from a central bus stop.

Car Rentals:
For those who prefer the flexibility of driving themselves, car rentals are available in Benxi. This option allows you to explore the surrounding regions at your leisure, making stops at other attractions along the way.

Tips for Travelers

• Plan Ahead: Check train or bus schedules in advance, especially during peak travel seasons, to avoid delays.
• Language Barrier: While some locals may speak basic English, it’s advisable to have addresses written in Chinese to show taxi drivers.
• Cash and Payments: Keep some cash handy, as not all taxis or small shops accept credit cards.
• Local Guides: Hiring a local guide for a day could enhance your experience, providing insights into the history and significance of Bian Niu Mountain.

By considering these transportation options and tips, visitors can enjoy a seamless journey to the fascinating Bian Niu Mountain City Ruins, making the most of their trip to this culturally rich destination.

Local Cuisine and Accommodation

When visiting the historic site of Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi, also known as “Goryeo City,” you’ll find a delightful mix of local cuisine and comfortable accommodations that enhance your travel experience in this culturally rich area of Liaoning Province.

Dining Experiences

1. Local Delicacies:
2. Yang Soup (羊汤): A must-try dish, often made with tender lamb and a rich broth, perfect for warming up after a day of exploration. You can find this dish at Baoxiang Yang Soup in Xiaoshi Town, where the flavors are authentic and the atmosphere inviting. Expect to spend around 40-60 CNY per person.
3. Northeast Stews (东北炖菜): Be sure to sample a variety of stews made with local ingredients, such as sauerkraut and potatoes. Many local eateries offer hearty servings at reasonable prices, typically around 30-50 CNY per meal.

4. Grilled Skewers (烤串): Street vendors and night markets serve up delicious grilled skewers seasoned with special sauces. Visit Nanbo Wan BBQ for local favorites and enjoy a lively dining atmosphere, with meals averaging 50-80 CNY.

5. Cultural Flavors:

6. Wild Vegetable Dishes (山野菜): Try dishes made from foraged ingredients, such as fern shoots and wild herbs, often served fresh and lightly seasoned. These can be found in smaller local restaurants and offer a unique taste of the region’s natural bounty.

Accommodation Options

1. Budget-Friendly Stays:
2. Home Inn (如家酒店): Located near the train station, this budget hotel offers clean rooms and essential amenities at prices ranging from 150 to 250 CNY per night. It’s a convenient choice for travelers looking to explore the city without breaking the bank.

3. Maple Leaf Business Hotel (枫叶商务酒店): Another economical option with comfortable rooms and friendly service, prices here range from 130 to 200 CNY per night.

4. Mid-Range Comfort:

5. Benshan International Hotel (本山国际酒店): This hotel provides a more upscale experience with modern amenities and spacious rooms. You can expect to pay between 250 to 350 CNY per night. The breakfast buffet is particularly praised for its variety.

6. Mingshi Yu Scenic Hotel (名仕峪景精品酒店): Offering picturesque views and convenient access to local attractions, this hotel features comfortable accommodations with prices around 280 to 400 CNY.

7. Unique Stays:

8. Xiaoshi Farm Stay (小市一庄): Experience local hospitality by staying at a farm stay that offers a cozy atmosphere and home-cooked meals. This option is perfect for those looking to immerse themselves in the local culture while enjoying a relaxing retreat.
9. Hot Spring Resorts (温泉度假村): For those seeking relaxation, consider booking a hot spring hotel, such as the Tangou Hot Spring Resort, where you can indulge in therapeutic hot springs after a day of sightseeing.

Conclusion

Benxi offers a variety of culinary delights and comfortable accommodations that cater to all types of travelers. Whether you’re savoring local lamb soup or enjoying the tranquil surroundings of a hot spring hotel, your visit to Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi will be a memorable one. Plan your meals and stays wisely to fully immerse yourself in the cultural tapestry of this fascinating region.

Frequently Asked Questions

Frequently Asked Questions about Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi

1. What is Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi?
Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi, also known as the Border Cow Mountain City Ruins, is an ancient fortress site located in the Xihu District of Benxi City, Liaoning Province. Dating back to the Han and Tang dynasties, it is often referred to as “Goryeo City” by locals and has been recognized as a national cultural heritage site since 2013.

2. How do I get to Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi?
The site is accessible by car or public transport from Benxi city center. You can take a taxi or a local bus to reach the site. If you are driving, follow local road signs to Xihu District, where the ruins are located.

3. What are the opening hours for the site?
The Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi site is generally open to visitors year-round. However, it’s advisable to check local listings or contact the site in advance for specific opening hours, especially during holidays or special events.

4. Is there an entrance fee to visit Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi?
Yes, there is typically an entrance fee to access the site. Prices may vary based on the season or any special exhibitions, so it’s best to confirm the latest rates before your visit.

5. Are there guided tours available at the site?
Yes, guided tours are often available and can enhance your experience by providing in-depth historical context and insights into the significance of the ruins. Check with local tour operators or at the site for organized tours.

6. What should I wear when visiting?
Comfortable footwear is recommended, as the terrain can be uneven. Dress in layers, as temperatures can vary significantly throughout the day, especially in the mountainous region. Sun protection and insect repellent are also advisable.

7. Can I take photos at the site?
Photography is generally permitted at Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi, so feel free to capture the beautiful landscapes and historical features. However, it’s wise to be respectful of any restrictions in certain areas, especially during guided tours.

8. Are there any other attractions nearby?
Yes, there are several attractions near Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi, including the Benxi Water Cave, scenic parks, and several historical sites related to the Goryeo dynasty. These can be great additions to your itinerary for a comprehensive visit to the region.

Final Thoughts on Your Trip

In the heart of Liaoning Province, the Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi stands as a testament to the enduring legacy of ancient civilizations. This historical site, often referred to as “Goryeo City” by locals, is not just an archaeological marvel but a portal into the rich tapestry of Chinese history, particularly during the Han and Tang dynasties. As you explore the well-preserved walls and strategic layout of the fortress, you can almost hear the echoes of the past—stories of battles fought, lives lived, and cultures intertwined.

Visiting the site offers a unique opportunity to connect with history in a profound way. Whether you are wandering along the 2,000-meter-long earthen walls or gazing from the high vantage points, Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi invites you to reflect on the resilience and innovation of those who came before us. The surrounding natural beauty only enhances the experience, making it a perfect spot for both history enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.

As you plan your journey to this significant historical landmark, remember that every stone tells a story, and every visit keeps the spirit of ancient civilizations alive. Embrace the adventure, soak in the history, and allow yourself to be inspired by the timeless allure of Benxi Bianniushan Chengzhi.