A Visitor’s Guide to Liulihe Yizhi: Unearthing the Treasures of Fangshan, Beijing

An Essential Guide to Visiting Beijing Fangshan Liulihe Yizhi

Nestled in the southwest of Beijing, the Liulihe Yizhi (琉璃河遗址) is not just an archaeological site; it is a gateway to understanding the rich tapestry of ancient Chinese civilization. Dating back over 3,000 years, this remarkable site served as the capital of the Yan state during the Western Zhou dynasty and is recognized as one of the earliest urban settlements in the Beijing region.

Discovered in the 1940s, the Liulihe ruins span an impressive 3.5 kilometers from east to west and 1.5 kilometers from north to south, revealing an intricate network of ancient walls, burial sites, and habitation areas. The site’s recent excavation efforts have unveiled significant structures, including a formidable outer city wall and a moat, expanding our understanding of its scale and complexity—now estimated to cover over 1 million square meters.

Visitors to Liulihe Yizhi will encounter not only the remnants of ancient architecture but also a wealth of artifacts, including exquisite bronze vessels and pottery, which offer insights into the cultural practices of the time. The site is home to the Western Zhou Yan Capital Museum, where these treasures are preserved and displayed, making it a perfect stop for those interested in history and archaeology.

As you explore this designated National Key Cultural Relic Protection Unit, you will walk in the footsteps of those who lived during a transformative period in Chinese history. Liulihe Yizhi stands as a testament to the evolution of Beijing from a remote outpost to a vital center of civilization, inviting you to immerse yourself in the stories of ancient dynasties and their enduring legacy. Whether you are an archaeology enthusiast or a casual traveler, this site promises a captivating journey through time.

The Rich History of Beijing Fangshan Liulihe Yizhi

The Liulihe Yizhi, or Liuli River Site, is a significant archaeological site located in Fangshan District, southwest of Beijing. Spanning approximately 3.5 kilometers in length and 1.5 kilometers in width, this site is recognized as one of the earliest urban settlements in the region, dating back over 3,000 years to the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046-771 BC). It is widely acknowledged as the capital and the place of enfeoffment for the Yan State, providing crucial insights into the ancient civilization that thrived in this area.

The discovery of the Liulihe site dates back to the 1940s when initial findings revealed remnants of what appeared to be an ancient city. Further investigations were conducted in 1962, with systematic excavations commencing in 1972. Over the decades, archaeologists unearthed a wealth of artifacts, structures, and burial sites, including over 900 tombs, ceremonial pits, and rammed earth constructions. This extensive excavation work has brought to light various exquisite artifacts, such as bronzes, jade, lacquerware, and pottery, which reflect the rich material culture of the time.

The site consists of three main components: the ancient city ruins, the burial area, and residential sites. The central city area features remnants of the northern city wall and the northern sections of the eastern and western walls, suggesting the city was constructed in the early Western Zhou period. Notably, the northern wall extends over 800 meters, with portions of the eastern and western walls still visible today.

The burial area, particularly concentrated around Huangtupo Village, reveals a variety of tomb types, categorized into large, medium, and small sizes, primarily rectangular vertical pits. The graves contained a range of grave goods: smaller tombs predominantly held pottery, medium-sized ones featured bronze artifacts, while larger tombs often showed signs of looting. Among the significant finds are exquisite bronze ritual vessels inscribed with characters, including rare pieces like the Jin Ding and Bo Ju Li, which are celebrated examples of ancient craftsmanship.

Recent archaeological discoveries have significantly expanded the understanding of the Liulihe site, including the identification of an outer city wall and moat, increasing its estimated area from 600,000 square meters to almost 1 million square meters. This revelation indicates a more complex urban structure than previously thought, showcasing the sophisticated planning and governance of the Western Zhou period.

In 1988, the Liulihe site was designated a National Key Cultural Relic Protection Unit by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China, underscoring its historical and cultural significance. Further excavations and studies continue to contribute to the understanding of early state formation and urbanization in ancient China, with Liulihe serving as a vital link to the early history of Beijing and the broader narrative of Chinese civilization.

Today, the site is complemented by the Western Zhou Yan Capital Site Museum, which was established in 1995 to preserve and exhibit the artifacts unearthed from this significant archaeological endeavor. The museum provides a comprehensive look at the cultural heritage of the Yan state and the development of Beijing as a major city over the millennia.

Main Highlights: What to See at Beijing Fangshan Liulihe Yizhi

Beijing’s Fangshan Liulihe Yizhi is a fascinating archaeological site that unveils the ancient history of the region, dating back over 3,000 years. Located in the Fangshan District, this site once served as the capital of the Yan State during the Western Zhou Dynasty and is now recognized as one of the most significant urban archaeological finds in Beijing.

Discover the Ancient City

The Liulihe site spans approximately 3.5 kilometers in length and 1.5 kilometers in width, encompassing a well-preserved ancient city layout. Visitors can explore remnants of city walls, burial grounds, and living quarters, which provide insight into the urban planning and societal structure of the time. The main city walls, built during the early Western Zhou period, still stand in parts, showcasing impressive construction techniques.

Rich Archaeological Finds

The site has yielded over 900 tombs, chariots, and numerous artifacts, including exquisite bronze vessels, pottery, and jade pieces. Many of these artifacts are currently displayed at the nearby Yan State Archaeological Museum, which offers an in-depth look at the cultural and historical significance of the finds. Among the most notable discoveries are inscribed oracle bones that contribute valuable information about the era, making it a vital resource for understanding early Chinese civilization.

A Journey Through Time

Visiting Liulihe is a journey through time, where you can witness the evolution of one of China’s earliest city civilizations. The site is an essential stop for those interested in archaeology, history, and the origins of Beijing as a metropolis. The archaeological efforts that began in the 1940s have continuously revealed layers of history, making it a dynamic and intriguing location for exploration.

Ideal for a Day Trip

With free admission, it’s an excellent option for travelers looking to delve into Beijing’s ancient past without breaking the bank. The best time to visit is during September and October, when the weather is pleasant, allowing for an enjoyable exploration of the extensive grounds. A typical visit lasts around two hours, providing ample time to soak in the history and scenery.

In summary, the Liulihe site is not just an archaeological treasure; it is a critical piece of the cultural puzzle that illustrates Beijing’s rich heritage. Whether you’re a history buff or a curious traveler, this site offers a unique glimpse into the ancient world that shaped modern China.

Planning Your Visit: A Practical Guide

Practical Guide to Visiting Liulihe Yizhi in Beijing

Overview:
Liulihe Yizhi, located in Fangshan District of Beijing, is an archaeological site that dates back over 3,000 years. It is recognized as the early capital of the Yan state during the Western Zhou Dynasty and is one of the most significant archaeological discoveries in the Beijing area. Spanning 3.5 kilometers in length and 1.5 kilometers in width, this site offers insights into ancient urban civilization and burial practices.

Getting There:
To reach Liulihe Yizhi, visitors can take public transportation or drive from central Beijing. The site is approximately a 90-minute drive from downtown. For public transport, take bus 922 from Qianmen to Liangxiang, then transfer to bus 917 to arrive directly at the site.

Best Time to Visit:
The ideal months to explore the archaeological site are September and October. The weather is generally mild, making walking around the expansive area more comfortable.

Opening Hours:
Liulihe Yizhi is open year-round from 8:30 AM to 3:30 PM. Note that the site may have seasonal variations in visitor traffic, so plan your visit accordingly, especially during peak tourist seasons.

Admission:
Entry to the Liulihe archaeological site is free, allowing visitors to explore without any ticket fees.

Duration of Visit:
A thorough visit typically lasts around two hours. This timeframe allows enough opportunity to appreciate the key features of the site, including the remnants of the ancient city walls, burial sites, and the surrounding museum exhibits.

What to See:
The site is divided into three main areas: the ancient city remains, burial grounds, and residential zones. Key highlights include:

• Ancient City Remains: Explore the northern walls and remnants that date back to the early Western Zhou period.
• Burial Sites: Discover the various types of tombs, which range from small to large, featuring artifacts such as pottery and bronze items.
• Residential Areas: Investigate the foundations of houses, wells, and storage pits that shed light on daily life during the Zhou Dynasty.
• Liulihe Yizhi Museum: Situated within the site, this museum showcases artifacts uncovered during excavations, including exquisite bronze vessels and jade items.

Visitor Tips:
– Comfortable Footwear: Wear sturdy shoes for walking as the terrain can be uneven and expansive.
– Guided Tours: Consider joining a guided tour for in-depth insights into the historical significance of the site and its findings.
– Photography: Capture the beautiful scenery, but be mindful of any restrictions regarding photography in specific areas.
– Hydration and Snacks: Bring water and light snacks, as facilities within the site may be limited.

Nearby Attractions:
Before or after your visit, consider exploring other nearby attractions, such as:
– The Fangshan District: Known for its natural beauty and historical sites, including the stunning Fengtai Garden.
– Local Cuisine: Sample local dishes in nearby restaurants, particularly famous for their roasted duck and other Beijing delicacies.

Contact Information:
For additional details or inquiries, visitors can contact local tourism offices or the Liulihe site directly at +86 10 6139 3475.

By following this guide, visitors can make the most of their trip to Liulihe Yizhi, immersing themselves in the rich history and culture of ancient Beijing.

Tickets, Hours, and Booking

Visiting the Liulihe Yizhi (琉璃河遗址) is a unique experience that does not come with any admission fee, making it an accessible destination for all history enthusiasts and curious travelers.

Admission Details

• Ticket Price: Free
• Recommended Visit Duration: Approximately 2 hours
• Best Time to Visit: The ideal months for visiting are September and October, when the weather is pleasant for outdoor exploration.

Opening Hours

The site is open to visitors year-round, with consistent hours to ensure you can explore at your convenience:
– Hours: 8:30 AM to 3:30 PM daily

Getting There

To reach the site, you can take public transportation or drive. If you are coming from downtown Beijing, it takes about one and a half hours by car. The easiest public transport route is to take the bus line 922 to Liangxiang and then transfer to line 917, which takes you directly to the site.

The Liulihe Yizhi is not just an archaeological site; it’s a window into the ancient past of Beijing, offering insights into the early urban civilization that flourished over 3,000 years ago. Enjoy your visit!

How to Get There

Getting to the Liulihe Yizhi (琉璃河遗址) in Beijing’s Fangshan District is relatively easy, thanks to various transportation options available for visitors. Whether you prefer public transport or driving, you can reach this significant archaeological site with convenience.

By Public Transport

1. Bus Services:
2. Take Bus 922 from Qianmen Station to Liangxiang, where you can then transfer to Bus 917 (or its branch line) directly to the Liulihe site. This route is particularly popular with tourists and offers a scenic view of the city and surrounding areas.

3. Alternatively, you can take Bus 835, which drops you off at the West Zhou Yandu Ruins stop, located just a short walk from the Liulihe site.

4. Subway:

5. The nearest subway station is Liangxiang Nanguan on the Fangshan Line. From there, you can catch one of several buses (such as 房27, 房68, or 房39) to the site. This option is efficient, especially during peak hours when traffic can be heavy.

By Car

• If you prefer to drive, you can access Liulihe Yizhi via the Jing-Shi Expressway (京石高速公路). Take the Liulihe exit and follow the signs for approximately 2 kilometers to reach the site. Parking is available nearby, making it easy for visitors traveling by car.

Best Time to Visit

For the most pleasant experience, consider visiting during the autumn months of September and October. This period typically offers mild weather and stunning scenery, perfect for exploring the expansive archaeological site.

Tips for Visitors

• The site is open year-round, with hours extending from 8:30 AM to 3:30 PM. Admission is free, making it an accessible destination for travelers.
• Plan for a visit duration of about 2 hours to fully appreciate the site’s significance and the accompanying museum.

With these transport options and helpful tips, you can easily make your way to the Liulihe Yizhi and immerse yourself in the rich history of ancient Beijing.

Local Cuisine and Accommodation

When exploring the fascinating historical site of Fangshan Liulihe Yizhi, it’s essential to indulge in the local cuisine and find comfortable accommodation nearby to enhance your experience.

Culinary Delights

Beijing’s culinary landscape is rich and varied, and the Fangshan district is no exception. After a day of exploring the ancient ruins, treat yourself to some traditional dishes that reflect the region’s heritage.

1. Peking Duck: A must-try when in Beijing, this iconic dish is known for its crispy skin and succulent meat. At Quanjude Roast Duck Restaurant, located about 45 kilometers from the site, you can savor this delicacy in a historic setting.

2. Shanxi Noodles: For something heartier, look for local eateries that serve dao xiao mian (knife-cut noodles), a specialty of the Shanxi province. Noodle House in the vicinity offers handcrafted noodles served with various toppings.

3. Local Snacks: Don’t miss out on trying jiaozi (dumplings) and baozi (steamed buns) from local street vendors or small restaurants. These bite-sized treats are perfect for a quick snack between your explorations.

4. Vegetarian Options: If you prefer vegetarian dishes, Buddha’s Delight is a great option, featuring a range of flavorful vegetable-based delicacies that showcase the local produce.

Accommodation Choices

After a day of exploration, unwind in one of the comfortable accommodations near Liulihe Yizhi. Here are some recommendations:

1. Beijing Huazhong Hotel: Located approximately 15 minutes from the site, this hotel offers modern amenities, a restaurant, and easy access to local transportation. It’s an ideal choice for families and solo travelers alike.

2. Fangshan Hotel: Just a short drive from the archaeological site, Fangshan Hotel provides a cozy atmosphere with traditional Chinese decor. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast and explore nearby attractions effortlessly.

3. Bamboo Yard Inn: For those seeking a more unique experience, this charming inn is set in a tranquil garden setting. It offers a peaceful retreat with comfortable rooms and easy access to local dining options.

4. Airbnb Options: Consider renting a local apartment through platforms like Airbnb. Many listings are available in the Fangshan area, giving you a chance to experience life as a local, complete with home-cooked meals.

With these culinary delights and comfortable accommodations, your visit to Fangshan Liulihe Yizhi will be both enriching and enjoyable. Make sure to savor the flavors of Beijing while immersing yourself in its rich history.

Frequently Asked Questions

Frequently Asked Questions about Beijing Fangshan Liulihe Yizhi (琉璃河遗址)

1. What is the Liulihe site and its historical significance?
   The Liulihe site is an archaeological site located in Fangshan District, Beijing. It dates back over 3,000 years and is recognized as the early capital of the Yan state during the Western Zhou dynasty. This site is significant for its rich cultural heritage and is considered a key witness to the development of urban civilization in the Beijing area.

2. When was the Liulihe site discovered and excavated?
   The site was discovered in the 1940s, with further investigations initiated in 1962. Systematic excavations began in 1972 and have continued through the years, revealing extensive archaeological findings, including walls, burial sites, and various artifacts.

3. What can visitors expect to see at the Liulihe site?
   Visitors can explore the remains of ancient city walls, burial mounds, and living quarters. The site also features the Yan Capital Museum, which showcases artifacts such as bronze vessels, pottery, and jade items, providing insight into the life of the ancient Yan state.

4. Is there an entrance fee to visit the Liulihe site?
   Entry to the Liulihe site is free, making it an accessible destination for all visitors interested in exploring China’s ancient history.

5. What are the best times to visit the Liulihe site?
   The ideal months to visit are September and October, when the weather is typically mild and pleasant. The site is open daily from 8:30 AM to 3:30 PM, allowing ample time for exploration.

6. How can visitors get to the Liulihe site?
   The site is approximately 40 kilometers from central Beijing. Visitors can take public transportation, such as bus routes 922 and 917, or drive via the Jing-Shi Expressway, exiting at Liulihe.

7. Are there any guided tours available at the Liulihe site?
   While the site does not offer official guided tours, visitors can explore the area independently. For those seeking in-depth knowledge, it may be beneficial to hire a local guide or join a tour group that specializes in archaeological sites.

8. What facilities are available for visitors at the Liulihe site?
   The site includes basic visitor amenities, such as information panels and rest areas. For more extensive facilities, including restrooms and exhibits, the Yan Capital Museum, located nearby, serves as a comprehensive resource for visitors.

Final Thoughts on Your Trip

Visiting the Liulihe Yizhi offers a unique opportunity to step back in time and explore the rich tapestry of Beijing’s ancient history. As one of the most significant archaeological sites from the Western Zhou period, it encapsulates the early civilization of the Yan state and provides invaluable insights into the cultural and social dynamics of ancient China.

The expansive grounds, dotted with remnants of walls, graves, and artifacts, allow visitors to witness the evolution of urban life from a small settlement to a flourishing capital. The discoveries made here – from exquisite bronze vessels to inscriptions on oracle bones – are not just relics; they are narratives that link us to our ancestors and their way of life.

Whether you’re an archaeology enthusiast, a history buff, or simply someone seeking to connect with the past, the Liulihe Yizhi is a testament to the enduring legacy of Chinese civilization. As you meander through its historic landscapes, remember that you are walking on the very soil that once supported a vibrant society over 3,000 years ago. Your visit is not only a journey through space but also through time, inviting you to ponder the complexities of human existence and the stories that have shaped the world we know today.