Exploring Xianyang Qianling Mausoleum: A Hidden Gem of the Tang Dynasty

An Essential Guide to Visiting Xianyang Qianling Mausoleum

Nestled in the serene hills of Liang Mountain, just six kilometers north of Xianyang, lies the Qianling Mausoleum, a majestic testament to China’s rich imperial history. This remarkable site, built during the Tang Dynasty, is the final resting place of Emperor Gaozong and his wife, Wu Zetian, the only female emperor in Chinese history. Constructed over a span of 23 years, from 684 AD, Qianling is not only the largest of the Tang Dynasty’s mausoleums but also uniquely significant as the only joint burial site for a husband and wife who both held the highest imperial ranks.

As you approach the mausoleum, you’ll be greeted by the stunning landscape and a sense of reverence that permeates the air. The mausoleum complex is thoughtfully designed, mirroring the layout of the ancient capital, Chang’an, with its grand city gates and surrounding walls. Although much of the outer city has faded into history, the inner sanctum remains remarkably preserved, showcasing intricate stone carvings and sculptures that tell stories of a bygone era.

Visitors to Qianling are not just stepping into a historical site; they are embarking on a journey through time, where legends of emperors and empresses intertwine with the breathtaking scenery. The mausoleum is surrounded by a series of accompanying tombs, dedicated to various royal family members and courtiers, each adding layers of cultural depth to the experience. Among these, the famed “Wuzetian Stele” stands prominently, an enigmatic stone monument that invites speculation and awe.

Whether you are a history enthusiast, a lover of art and architecture, or simply seeking a peaceful escape into nature, the Qianling Mausoleum offers an unforgettable glimpse into the grandeur of the Tang Dynasty and the enduring legacy of its rulers. Prepare to be captivated by its unique blend of history, mythology, and stunning natural beauty.

The Rich History of Xianyang Qianling Mausoleum

The Qianling Mausoleum, located approximately six kilometers north of Qian County in Shaanxi Province, China, is a monumental testament to the grandeur of the Tang Dynasty, specifically honoring the reign of Emperor Gaozong and his wife, the only female emperor in Chinese history, Wu Zetian. Construction of the mausoleum began in 684 AD and took an impressive 23 years to complete, making it a significant historical site not only for its architectural finesse but also for its unique status as a joint burial site for an emperor and empress.

The mausoleum is situated on Liangshan Mountain, which is characterized by its three peaks, with the highest being 1,047.9 meters above sea level. It is designed in a manner reminiscent of the capital city, Chang’an, featuring a grand layout that includes both inner and outer cities, although much of the outer structure has eroded over time. The inner city remains well-preserved, providing visitors with a glimpse into the imperial burial practices of the Tang Dynasty.

Qianling is distinguished as one of the best-preserved royal mausoleums among the “Eighteen Tombs of the Tang Dynasty,” and it holds the unique title of being the only royal tomb in Chinese history to house two emperors. The mausoleum’s construction reflects the cultural beliefs surrounding death and the afterlife, with numerous stone sculptures and markers that align the spirit path leading to the burial site. Among these are 61 headless stone statues, known as the “Foreign Ministers,” which add a mysterious allure to the site, as the reasons for their decapitation remain unclear, shrouded in folklore.

One of the most famous features of Qianling is the “Wuzitian Wuzi Bei,” or “Wu Zetian’s Uninscribed Stele,” which stands as a silent tribute to the complexities of her reign. This stele, devoid of any inscription, has sparked various interpretations; some believe it symbolizes her greatness that transcends words, while others consider it an acknowledgment of her controversial legacy. Visitors often find themselves captivated by the legends that surround this enigmatic monument.

Adjacent to the main mausoleum are several accompanying tombs, including those of notable figures such as Princess Yongtai and Prince Yide. These sites have been excavated and restored, allowing for a deeper understanding of the Tang Dynasty’s burial customs and the artifacts associated with them. The Qianling Museum, located within the grounds, showcases a collection of Tang Dynasty relics, including vivid murals and pottery figures, further enriching the historical narrative.

Despite being a site of immense historical significance, Qianling Mausoleum has remarkably avoided the fate of many other royal graves, which have been looted over the centuries. Archaeologists have yet to excavate the main tomb of Gaozong and Wu Zetian, largely due to concerns about preservation and the state of technology available for such delicate work. Thus, the mausoleum remains an untouched treasure, holding within its depths the secrets of a bygone era.

Today, Qianling Mausoleum stands not only as a burial site but also as a symbol of the power dynamics and cultural heritage of the Tang Dynasty. It attracts scholars, history enthusiasts, and tourists alike, eager to explore the rich tapestry of China’s imperial past and the extraordinary lives of its rulers.

Main Highlights: What to See at Xianyang Qianling Mausoleum

The Qianling Mausoleum, located a mere six kilometers north of Xianyang in Shaanxi Province, stands as a remarkable testament to China’s Tang Dynasty. This unique site is the only joint mausoleum for two emperors—Emperor Gaozong and Empress Wu Zetian—making it a significant historical landmark.

One of the mausoleum’s most striking features is its impressive layout, which mirrors the grandeur of the Tang capital, Chang’an. Built between 684 and 707 AD, the Qianling complex is expansive, encompassing both inner and outer city walls, though much of the outer structure has eroded over time. The mausoleum itself is situated on the highest peak of Mount Liang, offering breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape.

Visitors are greeted by a series of captivating stone sculptures lining the Sacred Way leading to the mausoleum. Among them are the enigmatic “61 Foreign Minister Statues”—life-sized figures that are notably headless, leaving room for interpretation and intrigue. The absence of heads has led to various legends, adding an element of mystery to the site.

Another highlight is the famous “Wuzetian Stele,” or the “Wordless Tablet.” This remarkable stone monument stands in stark contrast to traditional tomb inscriptions, as it bears no written words, prompting speculation about its true meaning. Some believe it symbolizes Wu Zetian’s humility, while others think it reflects her significant accomplishments beyond mere words.

The Qianling Mausoleum also features several accompanying burial sites, including the tombs of notable figures such as Princess Yongtai and Prince Yide. These areas have been excavated and restored, providing insights into Tang burial practices and the lives of the royal family.

For those wishing to delve deeper into the history and artifacts of the mausoleum, the Qianling Museum, located at the site of Princess Yongtai’s tomb, showcases a collection of Tang Dynasty relics, including vibrant murals and intricate pottery.

As visitors traverse the Sacred Way, they encounter stunning views of the surrounding mountains and valleys, enhancing the mausoleum’s majestic aura. With its rich history, artistic sculptures, and scenic beauty, the Qianling Mausoleum is an essential destination for anyone exploring China’s imperial past.

Planning Your Visit: A Practical Guide

Visiting the Xianyang Qianling Mausoleum, the joint burial site of Emperor Gaozong and Empress Wu Zetian of the Tang dynasty, offers a unique opportunity to delve into China’s imperial history. Here’s a practical guide to help you navigate your visit to this remarkable site.

Getting There

Location: The Qianling Mausoleum is located about 6 kilometers north of Qian County in Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province.

Transportation Options:
1. Public Transport: You can take bus number 游3 (You 3) from the East Square of Xi’an Railway Station. Buses operate once daily at 8:00 AM and return from the mausoleum at 3:00 PM. The journey takes approximately two hours.
2. Guided Tours: Consider joining a day tour that includes the mausoleum along with other nearby attractions, such as Famen Temple.
3. Self-Drive: If you prefer to drive, the mausoleum is easily accessible by car, and parking facilities are available on-site.

Entrance Fees and Hours

• Ticket Prices:
• Peak season (March to November):
  • Qianling Mausoleum: 45 RMB
  • Yongtai Princess Tomb and Yide Prince Tomb: 25 RMB each
  • Combined ticket for all three: 70 RMB
• Off-peak season (December to February):
  • Qianling Mausoleum: 25 RMB
  • Yongtai Princess Tomb and Yide Prince Tomb: 15 RMB each
  • Combined ticket for all three: 40 RMB
• Hours of Operation: The mausoleum is open from 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM, with potential early closures during the off-peak season.

What to See

Main Attractions:
– The Mausoleum itself: Explore the majestic site that is one of the best-preserved royal tombs in China, featuring impressive stone carvings and the famous “Wuzitian Wuzizi” (Wu Zetian’s Blank Tablet), which carries numerous legends about its significance.
– Stone Statues: As you walk along the spirit way, you’ll encounter 61 headless stone figures known as “Barbarian Statues,” which are a unique feature of the site. Their origins and the reasons for their missing heads are subjects of various local legends.
– Tombs of the Accompanying Nobility: The nearby Yongtai Princess Tomb and the Yide Prince Tomb are also worth a visit. The Qianling Museum, located at Yongtai’s site, showcases artifacts from the Tang dynasty, including exquisite murals and terracotta figurines.

Tips for Visitors

• Guided Tours: While self-exploration is encouraged, hiring a local guide can greatly enhance your understanding of the site’s history and significance.
• Wear Comfortable Footwear: The mausoleum area is extensive, and you’ll be walking on uneven terrain. Comfortable shoes are essential for a pleasant experience.
• Plan for Weather: The site is outdoors, so check the weather forecast and dress accordingly. Bring an umbrella or raincoat if rain is expected.
• Timing Your Visit: To avoid crowds, consider visiting early in the morning or on weekdays.

Facilities and Amenities

• Restrooms: Public restrooms are available at various points throughout the site.
• Food and Drink: While there are limited options for dining at the mausoleum, you can bring snacks and water. Alternatively, plan to eat in Qian County or Xi’an before or after your visit.
• Accessibility: The site is generally accessible, but some areas may have uneven paths, so be prepared for a little physical activity.

Nearby Attractions

If time permits, consider visiting other nearby historical sites:
– Tang Zhaoling (Zhaoling of Emperor Tang): Located nearby, this is another imperial tomb worth exploring.
– Famen Temple: Renowned for its historical significance and beautiful architecture, it’s a short drive from the mausoleum.
– Yuanjia Village: Experience traditional culture and hospitality in this nearby ancient village.

This practical guide should help ensure a rewarding visit to the Qianling Mausoleum, where history, culture, and stunning landscapes converge in the heart of Shaanxi Province.

Tickets, Hours, and Booking

When planning your visit to the Qianling Mausoleum, it’s essential to be aware of the ticketing details to ensure a smooth experience. The mausoleum is open year-round, with varying ticket prices depending on the season.

Ticket Prices

• Peak Season (March to November):
• Qianling Mausoleum: 45 RMB
• Yongtai Tomb (which houses the Qianling Museum) and Yide Tomb: 25 RMB each
• Zhanghuai Tomb: 15 RMB

• Combined ticket for all three sites: 70 RMB

• Off-Peak Season (December to February):

• Qianling Mausoleum: 25 RMB
• Yongtai Tomb and Yide Tomb: 15 RMB each
• Zhanghuai Tomb: 5 RMB
• Combined ticket for all three sites: 40 RMB

Opening Hours

The mausoleum operates from 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM, although during the off-peak season, it may close half an hour earlier.

Transportation

For those traveling from Xi’an, a convenient option is to take the Y3 tourist bus from the East Square of Xi’an Railway Station. The bus departs at 8:00 AM daily, returning from Qianling at 3:00 PM. The journey takes approximately two hours, providing a scenic route to the site.

Additional Information

In addition to the mausoleum itself, visitors can explore the surrounding tombs and the Qianling Museum, which showcases artifacts from the Tang Dynasty. The mausoleum features impressive stone sculptures, including the famous “Headless Statues,” which are a significant highlight of the site.

Be sure to plan ahead and consider purchasing your tickets in advance during peak tourist seasons to avoid long wait times. Enjoy your visit to this historical treasure!

How to Get There

Reaching the Qianling Mausoleum, also known as the Tomb of Emperor Gaozong and Empress Wu Zetian, is a journey that combines convenience with scenic exploration. Located approximately 6 kilometers north of Qian County in Xianyang, this historical site is accessible via various transportation options from nearby cities, particularly Xi’an.

By Public Transport

1. Bus Services:
2. Direct Bus: The most straightforward way to reach Qianling Mausoleum is by taking the Y3 bus from the East Square of Xi’an Railway Station. This bus runs once daily, departing at 8:00 AM and returning from the mausoleum at 3:00 PM. The journey takes around two hours, making it a convenient choice for day-trippers. Note that this service does not operate from January to March during the off-peak season.

3. Alternative Routes: You can also take local buses heading towards Qian County and then transfer to a taxi or a local minibus for the final stretch to the mausoleum.

4. Guided Tours: Various travel agencies in Xi’an offer day tours to the mausoleum that include transportation. These can be a great way to explore the site along with other nearby attractions, such as the Famen Temple or the Tang Dynasty tombs.

By Taxi or Ride-Hailing Services

For those preferring a more direct and comfortable means of transport, taxis and ride-hailing apps like Didi are widely available in Xi’an. A taxi ride from central Xi’an to Qianling Mausoleum typically takes about 1.5 hours, depending on traffic. This option gives you the flexibility to manage your schedule and spend as much time at the site as you wish.

By Private Car

If you’re traveling with a group or prefer to explore at your own pace, renting a car can be an excellent option. Several car rental services operate in Xi’an, and driving to the mausoleum allows you to enjoy the countryside views along the way. The road conditions are generally good, and parking is available at the site.

On Foot Within the Site

Once you arrive at the Qianling Mausoleum area, you can explore the expansive grounds on foot. The site features a well-maintained pathway leading to various attractions, including the famous “Wuzi Bei” (the Uninscribed Tablet) and numerous stone statues. For those who may need assistance, shuttle buses operate within the site, providing transport between key points of interest for a small fee.

Summary

The Qianling Mausoleum is well-connected and offers several transportation options to suit different traveler preferences. Whether you choose public transport, a guided tour, or a private vehicle, you’ll find that getting to this remarkable historical site is both easy and enjoyable. Be sure to plan ahead, especially during peak tourist seasons, to ensure a smooth journey.

Local Cuisine and Accommodation

When visiting the Qianling Mausoleum in Xianyang, ensuring a delightful culinary experience and comfortable accommodation is essential for a fulfilling trip. The area surrounding the mausoleum offers a variety of dining options and places to stay, catering to both local flavors and international tastes.

Dining Options

Local Cuisine:
One of the best ways to immerse yourself in the culture is by trying local dishes. Head to Qin Daxin Restaurant, located near the mausoleum, which is known for its traditional Shaanxi cuisine. Don’t miss out on their biangbiang noodles—wide, hand-pulled noodles served with a variety of toppings, and yangrou paomo, a hearty lamb soup with bread that is a favorite among locals.

Street Food:
For a more casual dining experience, explore the nearby street food stalls. You can find an array of snacks such as roujiamo (a type of Chinese hamburger filled with braised meat) and cooked dumplings. The lively atmosphere and the aroma of sizzling food make this a fun stop after a day of sightseeing.

International Choices:
If you’re in the mood for something different, Green Tea Restaurant offers a range of Asian and Western dishes in a cozy setting. Their menu features everything from sushi to Italian pasta, ensuring there’s something for everyone.

Where to Stay

Budget Accommodation:
For travelers looking to save on lodging, consider Hanting Express Xianyang Qian County, which provides clean, basic rooms at affordable rates. It’s conveniently located for easy access to the mausoleum and other local attractions.

Mid-Range Options:
Xianyang International Hotel is a comfortable choice that combines modern amenities with traditional charm. The hotel features spacious rooms, an on-site restaurant serving a mix of local and international cuisine, and easy access to public transportation.

Luxury Experience:
For those seeking a more upscale experience, the Shaanxi Wanshijing Hotel offers luxurious accommodations with stunning views of the surrounding mountains. The hotel includes a full-service spa, fine dining options, and is located just a short drive from the mausoleum, making it an ideal choice for a relaxing stay.

Additional Tips

• Reservations: It’s advisable to book your accommodation in advance, especially during peak tourist seasons.
• Local Delicacies: Be adventurous with your food choices; try the local specialties to fully experience the region’s culinary offerings.
• Transport Links: Most hotels offer shuttle services to major attractions, making it easy to explore the area without the hassle of public transport.

By combining delectable dining with comfortable lodging, your visit to the Qianling Mausoleum will be both enjoyable and memorable.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is the Qianling Mausoleum and why is it significant?
   The Qianling Mausoleum is the joint burial site of Emperor Gaozong of Tang (Li Zhi) and his wife, Empress Wu Zetian. Constructed over 23 years starting in 684 AD, it is renowned for being the only mausoleum in Chinese history that houses two emperors, making it a unique historical site.

2. How do I get to the Qianling Mausoleum?
   The mausoleum is located approximately 6 kilometers north of Qian County in Xianyang, Shaanxi Province. Visitors can take public transport from Xi’an Railway Station, specifically bus route 游3, which operates daily. Alternatively, guided tours are available that include transportation.

3. What are the opening hours and entrance fees?
   The mausoleum is open daily from 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM. Entrance fees vary by season: during peak season (March to November), tickets cost 45 RMB; in the off-season (December to February), tickets are reduced to 25 RMB. Combined tickets for accompanying sites are also available.

4. Are there any guided tours available?
   Yes, guided tours are highly recommended, especially for first-time visitors. These tours often provide in-depth historical context and insights that enhance the experience. You can find various tour options from local travel agencies.

5. What can I see at the mausoleum?
   Visitors can explore the impressive stone sculptures, including the famous “Headless Statues” of 61 attendants, and the renowned “Wuzetian’s Unwritten Stele.” The site also features several accompanying tombs, including those of notable royal figures and a museum showcasing artifacts from the Tang Dynasty.

6. Is it possible to explore the tombs inside?
   Currently, the main tombs of Gaozong and Wu Zetian have not been excavated, making it impossible for visitors to enter them. However, the mausoleum site itself and the surrounding areas offer plenty to see and learn about the Tang Dynasty.

7. What should I wear and bring for my visit?
   Comfortable walking shoes are recommended, as the area requires a fair amount of walking. Additionally, consider bringing water, a hat for sun protection, and perhaps a light jacket, as temperatures can vary throughout the day.

8. Are there any facilities available on-site?
   Yes, the Qianling Mausoleum includes visitor facilities such as restrooms and a small café. Additionally, there is a museum located at the site of the Yongtai Princess Tomb, which is worth visiting for additional insights into Tang Dynasty culture.

Final Thoughts on Your Trip

Visiting the Xianyang Qianling Mausoleum is more than just a journey through history; it is an opportunity to connect with the grandeur of China’s Tang Dynasty. As the resting place of two emperors—Li Zhi and Wu Zetian—this unique royal tomb stands as a testament to their legacy and the rich cultural heritage of the era.

The mausoleum’s impressive architecture, set against the stunning backdrop of the Liangshan Mountains, invites visitors to explore its fascinating landscapes and intricate stone carvings. Although the main burial site remains untouched, the surrounding attractions, including the famed “Wuzi Bei” and the numerous accompanying tombs, provide a glimpse into the opulence of imperial life.

For those who seek to immerse themselves in ancient history, Qianling offers a genuinely enriching experience. Whether you’re marveling at the artistry of the stone figures or wandering through the serene pathways, it’s a destination that inspires reflection on the past and appreciation for the enduring legacy of its historical figures. As you leave, take with you not just memories, but a deeper understanding of the stories etched into the very stones of this magnificent site.