Turpan Asitana Gumuqun: Exploring the Enchanting Landscapes of Xinjiang

An Essential Guide to Visiting Turpan Asitana Gumuqun

In the heart of Xinjiang’s Turpan region lies a treasure of ancient history: the Astana Gumuqun, or Astana Ancient Tombs. This sprawling necropolis, often referred to as the “Underground Museum,” is a testament to the rich tapestry of cultures that flourished in the area during the 3rd to 8th centuries. Nestled against the dramatic backdrop of the Flaming Mountains, the tomb complex spans approximately 10 square kilometers and houses over 500 meticulously excavated graves, including those of notable figures from the Gaochang Kingdom, such as military leaders and local governors.

Visitors to the Astana tombs are not merely stepping into a historical site; they are immersing themselves in a narrative that intertwines the lives of Han Chinese, the Xiongnu, Turkic tribes, and numerous other ethnic groups. The burial practices here reflect a blend of traditions, showcasing intricately designed tomb chambers adorned with vibrant murals and artifacts meant to accompany the deceased into the afterlife. Among the significant discoveries are well-preserved mummies, whose preservation rivals that of their Egyptian counterparts, offering a unique glimpse into the ancient customs and daily lives of the people who once thrived in this arid region.

As you wander through this archaeological marvel, you will encounter not only the remnants of the past but also the enduring legacy of a civilization that was a melting pot of cultures, beliefs, and traditions. The Astana Gumuqun stands as a poignant reminder of the historical significance of the Silk Road, where commerce and culture intertwined, leaving behind a rich heritage waiting to be explored by inquisitive travelers.

The Rich History of Turpan Asitana Gumuqun

The Turpan Asitana Gumuqun, also known as the Astana Ancient Tombs, is a remarkable archaeological site situated near Turpan in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. This extensive necropolis served as a public burial ground for the residents of the ancient Gaochang Kingdom, a significant political entity that thrived from the 3rd to the 8th century CE. Spanning approximately 5 kilometers in length and 2 kilometers in width, the site covers an area of around 10 square kilometers and is home to over 500 excavated tombs out of the thousands believed to exist.

The tombs at Asitana are notable for their unique architectural style, characterized by sloping pathways leading to chambered graves. The tombs are predominantly designed in a “甲” (jiǎ) shape, featuring a long sloped entrance that connects to the burial chamber where the deceased was laid to rest. Typically, the burial chambers are spacious, often exceeding 2 meters in height and measuring around 4 square meters. Here, the deceased were placed on earthen beds or simple wooden platforms, surrounded by offerings meant for the afterlife, including food, symbolic objects, and even miniature representations of pavilions or chariots.

Since their discovery, the tombs have revealed a wealth of artifacts, including ancient manuscripts, burial inscriptions, and exquisite textiles, alongside thousands of well-preserved mummies that rival the famed Egyptian specimens in terms of preservation and cultural significance. The archaeological findings indicate that the site was not solely a burial ground for Han Chinese individuals; it also contained graves of various ethnic groups, such as the Xiongnu, Turkic peoples, and the residents of the ancient Kingdom of Kucha, reflecting the cultural diversity that characterized the region during the Gaochang Kingdom’s prominence.

Designated as a key national cultural relic protection site in 1988, the Astana Ancient Tombs gained further recognition in 2021 when they were included in the “Hundred Great Archaeological Discoveries of the Century.” This acknowledgment underscores the site’s importance not only within Chinese history but also in the broader context of Central Asian cultural heritage.

The tombs provide invaluable insights into the funerary practices, social structures, and cultural exchanges of the time. The intricate wall paintings and decorative motifs found within some of the tombs reveal influences from neighboring regions, showcasing a blend of local and Central Asian artistic styles. Furthermore, the burial customs, which included the careful placement of the deceased and their belongings, reflect the beliefs and traditions surrounding death and the afterlife in ancient Chinese society.

Visiting the Astana Ancient Tombs today offers a glimpse into a bygone era, where the convergence of various cultures and the rich history of the Gaochang Kingdom come to life through its remarkable archaeological legacy.

Main Highlights: What to See at Turpan Asitana Gumuqun

Nestled in the arid landscape of Turpan, the Asitana Gumuqun, also known as the Astana Ancient Tombs, offers a fascinating glimpse into the rich tapestry of ancient cultures that flourished in this region. This archaeological site, often referred to as an “underground museum,” features a vast necropolis that served as the burial ground for officials and citizens of the ancient Gaochang Kingdom from the 3rd to 8th centuries.

One of the most striking aspects of the tombs is their unique architectural design. The burial chambers are characterized by sloped passageways leading to spacious rooms, often adorned with vivid murals depicting various scenes from daily life, nature, and mythology. The tombs typically house the remains of the deceased placed on simple wooden beds or earthen platforms, surrounded by offerings such as food, pottery, and symbolic items meant to accompany them into the afterlife.

What sets the Asitana Gumuqun apart from other ancient burial sites is the exceptional preservation of its contents, including numerous well-preserved mummies, comparable to those found in Egypt. The dry desert climate has naturally mummified many remains, providing invaluable insights into ancient burial practices and societal norms. Visitors can view a selection of these mummies, which are displayed in protective glass cases, offering an eerie yet fascinating connection to the past.

In addition to its historical significance, the site boasts a remarkable collection of artifacts, including pottery, textiles, and ancient coins. Over 10,000 items have been unearthed, shedding light on the cultural exchanges that occurred along the Silk Road, as this region was a melting pot of Han Chinese, Turkic, and other ethnic groups.

For those interested in archaeology and ancient history, a visit to the Asitana Gumuqun is a must. The site not only reflects the burial customs of its time but also highlights the interconnectedness of diverse cultures that thrived in this part of Xinjiang. Whether you’re an enthusiast of history or simply curious about the past, the Astana Ancient Tombs offer an unforgettable journey through time.

Planning Your Visit: A Practical Guide

Visiting the Turpan Asitana Gumuqun (Astana Ancient Tombs) offers a unique glimpse into the rich history of the region, but being well-prepared can enhance your experience. Here’s everything you need to know for a successful visit.

Location and Accessibility

The Astana Ancient Tombs are situated approximately 42 kilometers southeast of Turpan, near the southern foothills of the Flaming Mountains. This archaeological site is easily accessible by car or tour vehicle from Turpan, taking about an hour to reach. If you’re using public transport, consider checking local bus schedules for routes heading towards the site.

Operating Hours

As of now, the site is temporarily closed for renovations, and the reopening date is yet to be announced. It’s advisable to check closer to your travel date for any updates on the status of the tombs. When operational, the usual visiting hours were from 10:00 AM to 6:00 PM.

Admission Fees

When open, the entrance fee for the Astana Ancient Tombs was typically around 40 CNY. Tickets could sometimes be purchased on-site; however, it’s recommended to confirm payment methods in advance, as they can vary by season.

Suggested Duration of Visit

Plan to spend around 2 to 3 hours exploring the site. This allows ample time to appreciate the tomb architecture, view the artifacts, and capture photographs (if permitted).

What to Expect

The Astana Ancient Tombs are renowned for their well-preserved burial structures, predominantly from the period of the Gaochang Kingdom (3rd to 8th centuries). The tombs are characterized by their distinctive sloping corridors leading into burial chambers, which often contain intricate murals and artifacts.

Visitors can expect to see:
– Tomb Designs: The tombs feature a unique “甲” shaped layout with sloped entrances leading to spacious chambers.
– Artifacts: Numerous artifacts have been excavated from this site, including textiles, pottery, and written documents.
– Mummies: The preservation conditions here are comparable to those of Egyptian mummies, offering a fascinating insight into ancient burial practices.

Nearby Attractions

While in the area, consider visiting:
– Gaochang Ancient City: Just a short drive away, this historical site was once the capital of the Gaochang Kingdom and showcases ancient architecture.
– Flaming Mountains: A remarkable geological feature known for its striking red rock formations.
– Karez Well System: An ingenious ancient irrigation system that demonstrates traditional methods of water conservation.

Tips for Visiting

• Stay Hydrated: The region can be extremely hot and dry, especially during the summer months. Carry plenty of water.
• Dress Appropriately: Wear comfortable clothing and sturdy shoes, as you will be walking on uneven terrain.
• Respect the Site: Follow all guidelines and regulations while visiting to help preserve this important cultural heritage.
• Photography: While photography is often allowed, be mindful of restrictions within specific areas, especially where artifacts are displayed.

Conclusion

The Astana Ancient Tombs offer an extraordinary opportunity to delve into the history of the ancient Silk Road civilizations. With proper planning and respect for the site, your visit can be both enlightening and memorable. Keep an eye on the reopening status and prepare for an adventure into Xinjiang’s rich heritage!

Tickets, Hours, and Booking

Visiting the Turpan Asitana Gumuqun, also known as the Astana Ancient Tombs, is a unique opportunity to delve into the rich history of the ancient Gaochang Kingdom. The ticketing information is essential for planning your visit effectively.

Ticket Information

Currently, the Astana Ancient Tombs are temporarily closed for renovations, with the reopening date yet to be announced. As a result, tickets are not available for purchase at this time. It is advisable to check local resources or the official tourism websites for updates regarding the reopening schedule.

When the site is operational, ticket prices are generally set at approximately 40 RMB per adult. Discounts may be available for students, seniors, and groups, although specific policies can vary.

Visiting Hours

Typically, the site operates from 10:00 AM to 6:00 PM, allowing visitors ample time to explore the tombs and the surrounding areas. However, these hours are subject to change, particularly during peak tourist seasons or special events.

Recommendations

• Plan Ahead: Given the current closure, it’s wise to look for alternative historical sites in the vicinity, such as the ancient city of Gaochang or the Flaming Mountains, which also provide insights into the region’s rich cultural heritage.
• Stay Informed: Keep an eye on announcements regarding the reopening of the tombs to ensure your visit coincides with the availability of tours.
• Explore Nearby Attractions: While waiting for the Astana Tombs to reopen, consider visiting local museums in Turpan that house some of the artifacts excavated from the tombs for a deeper understanding of the area’s history.

For those interested in ancient cultures and archaeological discoveries, the Astana Ancient Tombs promise a glimpse into a fascinating past once they resume operations.

How to Get There

Getting to Turpan’s Astana Ancient Tombs (阿斯塔那古墓群) is a journey that allows travelers to immerse themselves in the rich cultural heritage of Xinjiang. Here’s a comprehensive guide on transportation options to help you navigate your way to this historical site.

By Air

The nearest major airport to Turpan is Turpan Jiaohe Airport (TLQ), located approximately 20 kilometers from the city center. While there are limited domestic flights, the airport connects to major cities like Ürümqi. From the airport, you can hire a taxi or use ride-hailing apps to reach Turpan city.

By Train

Turpan is well-connected by rail, making it an accessible destination for travelers. The Turpan Railway Station offers frequent services from major cities, including Ürümqi. The train journey from Ürümqi to Turpan takes about 2 to 3 hours, providing a comfortable and scenic ride. Once you arrive at Turpan Railway Station, taxis and buses are readily available to take you to various attractions, including the Astana Ancient Tombs.

By Bus

For those traveling from Ürümqi, long-distance buses operate regularly from the Ürümqi Long-distance Bus Station to Turpan. The bus ride typically lasts around 3 to 4 hours. Upon arrival in Turpan, local buses and taxis can take you to the Astana Ancient Tombs, which is located about 2.5 kilometers north of the city center.

Local Transportation

Once in Turpan, getting to the Astana Ancient Tombs can be done conveniently through various local transport options:

• Taxi: Taxis are affordable and readily available throughout Turpan. A short taxi ride from the city center to the tombs will take around 10-15 minutes.
• Bicycle: For the more adventurous traveler, renting a bicycle can be a great way to explore the area. The ride to the tombs offers scenic views of the surrounding landscape.
• Walking: If you’re staying nearby, walking to the site is also an option, allowing you to enjoy the local environment and culture along the way.

Opening Hours and Tickets

Before planning your visit, it’s important to check the current opening status and operating hours, as these can vary. As of the latest updates, the site has experienced temporary closures, so confirming beforehand is advisable. If open, the entrance fee is typically around 40 CNY, providing access to the remarkable historical artifacts and the unique burial structures.

Overall, reaching Turpan’s Astana Ancient Tombs is manageable and highly rewarding, offering a glimpse into the ancient past of this remarkable region. Whether you choose to fly, take the train, or hop on a bus, the journey will lead you to one of Xinjiang’s most significant archaeological sites.

Local Cuisine and Accommodation

Exploring Turpan Asitana Gumuqun, or the Astana Ancient Tombs, offers not just a glimpse into the rich history of the region but also an opportunity to indulge in unique dining and comfortable accommodation options nearby.

Dining Options

After a day of immersing yourself in the ancient burial sites, you’ll find several eateries that serve local delicacies reflecting the flavors of Xinjiang.

1. Kumtag Gobi Restaurant
   Located just a short drive from the tombs, this restaurant specializes in traditional Xinjiang dishes. Try their hand-pulled noodles and succulent lamb skewers, which are local favorites. The warm atmosphere and friendly staff make it a great spot to unwind.

2. Dadong Beef Noodle House
   Known for its hearty beef noodles, this establishment draws both locals and tourists. The rich, flavorful broth and tender beef make for a satisfying meal after exploring the tombs. It’s an affordable option for those looking to sample authentic Xinjiang cuisine.

3. Fire Mountain BBQ
   Situated near the Flaming Mountains, this casual eatery offers an array of grilled meats and vegetables. The outdoor seating is perfect for enjoying the evening breeze while tasting delicious skewers seasoned with local spices.

4. Grape Valley Restaurant
   If you’re looking for a scenic dining experience, head to this restaurant set amidst lush vineyards. The menu features a mix of Uighur and Han dishes, with an emphasis on fresh local produce. Don’t miss out on their specialty, roasted lamb, paired with a glass of local wine.

Accommodation Choices

For those wishing to extend their stay in Turpan and explore more of the surrounding area, a variety of accommodation options are available, catering to different budgets and preferences.

1. Turpan Hilton Garden Inn
   This modern hotel offers comfortable rooms with excellent amenities, including free Wi-Fi and a fitness center. Its convenient location allows easy access to the Astana Tombs and other nearby attractions. Guests can enjoy a hearty breakfast buffet to fuel their day of exploration.

2. Bafeng Valley Inn
   A charming guesthouse that provides a more intimate experience. The inn features traditional decor and is run by a friendly family who can offer insights into local culture and attractions. The peaceful surroundings make it a perfect retreat after a day of sightseeing.

3. Karez Hotel
   Located close to the city center, this hotel features clean and comfortable rooms at a reasonable price. It’s an excellent base for visiting the Astana Tombs, as well as the nearby Grape Valley and ancient city ruins.

4. Turpan Yizhou Hotel
   A popular choice among travelers, this hotel combines affordability with comfort. The well-furnished rooms and polite staff ensure a pleasant stay. The hotel also offers tours and transportation services, making it easy to organize your visit to the tombs and beyond.

Whether you’re savoring authentic local dishes or resting in cozy accommodations, Turpan Asitana Gumuqun provides a memorable travel experience enriched by the flavors and hospitality of Xinjiang.

Frequently Asked Questions

Frequently Asked Questions about Turpan Asitana Gumuqun (阿斯塔那古墓群)

1. What is the Asitana Gumuqun?
The Asitana Gumuqun, also known as the Astana Tombs, is an ancient burial site located near Turpan, Xinjiang, China. It served as a public cemetery for officials and citizens of the ancient Gaochang Kingdom from the 3rd to the 8th centuries. The site features over 500 excavated tombs and is renowned for its well-preserved artifacts and remains, including mummies comparable to those found in Egypt.

2. How do I get to the Asitana Gumuqun?
The tombs are located approximately 2.5 kilometers north of Sanbao Township in Turpan. Visitors can reach the site by car or taxi from Turpan city. The drive typically takes about 30 minutes.

3. What are the opening hours and ticket prices?
As of now, the Asitana Gumuqun is temporarily closed for renovations, and the reopening date is yet to be announced. When open, the site usually operates from 10:00 AM to 6:00 PM, and ticket prices are expected to be around 40 RMB.

4. What can I see at the Asitana Gumuqun?
Visitors can explore the unique structure of the tombs, which feature sloped passageways leading to burial chambers. Many tombs contain murals and artifacts depicting the burial customs of the time, including items meant to accompany the deceased in the afterlife. However, only a limited number of tombs may be accessible to the public at any given time.

5. Are there facilities available for visitors?
The site may have basic visitor facilities, but amenities such as restrooms and food services are generally limited. It is advisable to plan accordingly and bring water and snacks if you intend to spend a considerable amount of time at the site.

6. How long should I plan to spend at the site?
A visit to the Asitana Gumuqun typically takes about 2 to 3 hours, depending on your interest in archaeology and history. This allows ample time to explore the tombs and appreciate the surrounding area.

7. Can I take photos inside the tombs?
Photography policies can vary, but many tombs restrict photography to preserve the artifacts and remains. It is best to check with site staff upon arrival for specific guidelines.

8. Are there other attractions nearby?
Yes, several historical sites are located close to the Asitana Gumuqun, including the Gaochang Ancient City, the Flaming Mountains, and the Jiaohe Ancient Ruins. These attractions can be visited in a single day, making for a rich cultural experience in the Turpan region.

Final Thoughts on Your Trip

Visiting the Turpan Asitana Gumuqun is more than just a journey into the past; it is an invitation to connect with the rich tapestry of human history. Nestled in the arid landscapes of Xinjiang, this ancient necropolis is a testament to the cultural confluence of the Han Chinese and various ethnic groups that once thrived in the region. As you wander through the meticulously designed burial chambers and observe the exquisite artifacts unearthed from these tombs, you gain insight into the beliefs, customs, and daily lives of those who came before us.

While the site may currently have limited access due to ongoing preservation efforts, its historical significance remains palpable. The allure of the Asitana Gumuqun lies not only in its archaeological treasures but also in the stories they tell — of a time when diverse cultures coexisted and contributed to the flourishing of the ancient Gaochang Kingdom.

As you plan your visit, remember that exploring such remarkable heritage sites enriches our understanding of world history and underscores the importance of preserving these legacies for future generations. Whether you’re an avid history buff, a curious traveler, or someone seeking to appreciate the artistry of ancient civilizations, the Asitana Gumuqun promises a captivating experience that lingers long after your visit. Embrace the chance to walk among the echoes of the past and let the spirit of discovery guide you in this extraordinary corner of the world.